What is a Daf?

A daf is a large frame drum that is widely used in the traditional music of the Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of South Asia, especially in countries such as Iran, Turkey, and Kurdistan. The instrument consists of a circular wooden frame with a stretched drumhead made from animal skin or synthetic material.

The daf is played by holding the frame with both hands and striking the drumhead with the fingers, palms, and sometimes the wrists. Many versions of the instrument also include metal rings or chains attached to the inside of the frame, which produce a shimmering rattling sound when the drum is shaken or struck.

The instrument plays an important role in both folk and spiritual music traditions. In particular, the daf is often used in Sufi devotional music, where rhythmic drumming accompanies chanting and spiritual ceremonies. Its deep, resonant tone and dynamic playing techniques make it one of the most expressive frame drums in the region.