What is a Fourth Species Counterpoint?

Fourth species counterpoint is a style of contrapuntal writing in which the added melodic line features syncopation or suspensions against the cantus firmus. In this species, notes of the counterpoint are often tied over strong beats, creating dissonances that resolve downward by step, emphasizing tension and release.

The distinguishing feature of fourth species is the use of suspensions on strong beats, where the note from the previous chord is held over while the harmony changes, creating a temporary clash that resolves to a consonant interval. This technique teaches composers how to handle dissonance carefully while maintaining smooth voice leading.

Fourth species counterpoint is commonly used in classical composition studies to develop skill in creating expressive harmonic tension. By practicing this species, students learn to combine rhythmic variety, controlled dissonance, and melodic independence, preparing them for the more complex fifth species, which integrates all previous techniques.