What is a Ground Loop?

A ground loop is an electrical issue that occurs when two or more connected audio devices have multiple paths to ground, creating a loop in the grounding system. This loop can allow electrical current to circulate between devices and introduce unwanted noise into the audio signal.

Ground loops often result in a low-frequency hum or buzzing sound, commonly around 50 Hz or 60 Hz, depending on the electrical power system in the region. This noise can become noticeable when multiple pieces of equipment are connected through both power cables and audio cables.

Ground loops frequently occur in setups involving mixers, audio interfaces, computers, amplifiers, and powered speakers. Engineers typically resolve the problem by using balanced audio connections, ground isolation devices, proper cable routing, or power conditioning equipment to eliminate the unwanted electrical loop.