What is Clipping?

Clipping occurs when an audio signal becomes too loud and exceeds the maximum level that an audio system can handle. When this happens, the peaks of the waveform are cut off, or “clipped,” because the system cannot represent values beyond its limit. This results in distortion that can make the sound harsh, crunchy, or unpleasant.

In digital audio systems, clipping usually occurs when the signal level rises above 0 dBFS (decibels full scale), which is the maximum level a digital system can record or reproduce. Once the signal crosses this limit, the waveform is truncated and distortion is introduced. Unlike some forms of analog distortion, digital clipping often sounds abrupt and unnatural.

Clipping is generally avoided during recording and mixing because it permanently damages the audio signal. Engineers prevent clipping by keeping signal levels below the maximum limit and using tools such as limiters, compressors, and proper gain staging. Maintaining controlled levels helps preserve clean and accurate sound throughout the audio production process.